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H. K. CARTER.

GONSTRUGTION OP VB'ssBLs.

Patented Aug. 16, 1881.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.Y

HARVEY K. CARTER, `OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY.

CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,784, dated August 16, 1881.

Application filed January 24, 1881.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HARVEY K. CARTER, a citizen of the United States, residing in Camden, New Jersey, have invented certain Improvements in the Construction of Vessels, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to increase the stability and security ot' vessels of that class which have transverse water-tight bulk-heads, an object which I attain by a certain combination of intern al beams with the frame, planking, continuous decks, and bulk-heads of the vessel, all as hereinafter fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a diagram illustrating a longitudinal section of a vessel constructed according to my invention; Figs. 2 to 5, longitudinal sections of a portion of the vessel on a larger scale than Fig. l, and illustrating the method of making the joints between the bulk-heads and decks; and Figs. 6 and 7, views illustrating the method of making the joints between the bulkheads and planking.

In Figs. l and 2, A represents the main or spar deck of the vessel, D the lower deck, and B an intermediate deck, the vessel being thus divided into upper, middle, and lower holds, respectively.

E E represent water-tight transverse bulkheads extending from the keelson ofthe vessel to the main deck A, the decks being continuous and the bulk-heads in sections, the lower section extending from the inner planking to the lower deck, D, the middle section from the deck D to the deck B, and the upper section from the deck B to the main deck A. By this means the vessel possesses the desirable longitudinal rigidity due to the unbroken decks, and at the same time each of the bulkhead sections is small and"well braced, and consequently better adapted than a larger bulk-head to resist the pressure of water gaining access to one of the compartments ot' the vessel, and there can be no leakage from a lower to an upper compartment, as in the case of vessels in which the decks are cut where the bulk-heads occur.

In the case of a wooden vessel the bulkhead planking is secured to transverse beams, as in Fig.' 3, and in the case of a vessel having iron decks and bulk-heads the plates of the bulk-head are secured to plate or T beams secured to the deck-plates, as shown in Fig. 4.

(No model.)

Where deck-plates make joints at the bulkhead beams Iprefer tointroduce sheets ofrubber between the plates and beams, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to insure a perfectly-tight joint without the necessity of calking, as usual.

Where the bulk-heads are united to the planking of the vessel I employ L-shaped beams arranged. on the inside of the inner planking, and secured in place by bolts passing through both the inner and outer planking, and through the timbers of the frame, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The wooden bulkhead planking is secured directly to these L- beams, as shown in Fig. 6, or if aniron bulkhead is used, it is bolted to angle-irons, as shown in Fig. 7, these angle-irons being secured to the L-beams, rubber being used to insure tightjoints, if desired.

i By the term continuous decks7 I mean decks extending entirely from stem to steril of the vessel, or from the collision bulk-head at the bow to the collision bulk-head at the stern. Cf course the decks are provided with the usual hatchways; but these do not practically at'tect the continuity of the decks when the hatch-covers are applied.

Ihe bulk-heads are furnished with openings for affording communication between the varions compartments in loading or unloading the vessel, such openings, when the vessel is at sea, being closed by means of tightly-fitting doors packed with rubber or otherwise made perfectly water-tight.

The L-shaped beams, owing to their secure fastening, form a rigid part of the hull ofthe vessel, and afford the best means of attach ment for the outer edges of the bulk-heads to insure a perfectly water-tightjoint.

I claim as my invention- The combination of the transverse bulkheads, framing-timbers, and inner and outer plan king of the vessel ,with the internal L- shaped beams secured by bolts passing through the inner and outer planking and through the timbers of the frame, said beams serving as a means of attaching the bulk-heads, as setforth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribin g witnesses.

HARVEY K. CARTER.

Witnesses:

J AMES F. TOBIN, HARRY SMITH.

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